Gun-Bullocks
By Rudyard Kipling
Those heroes in their harnesses avoid a cannon-ball,
And what they know of powder upsets them one and all;
Then we come into action and tug the guns again, —
Make way there, way for the twenty yoke of the Forty-Pounder train!
Poem Analysis:
Rudyard Kipling, known for his works that explore British imperialism, military life, and the machinery of war, presents in Gun-Bullocks a vivid depiction of the unsung labor behind military success. The poem shifts focus from human soldiers to the animals—specifically the bullocks—that haul the massive artillery, emphasizing their endurance and resilience in battle.
The Role of Animals in War
Unlike many war poems that celebrate human bravery, Gun-Bullocks highlights the silent, often overlooked role of animals in warfare. The poem contrasts the reactions of soldiers—who fear cannon fire and the chaos of battle—with the bullocks, which remain steadfast despite the dangers.
“Those heroes in their harnesses avoid a cannon-ball, / And what they know of powder upsets them one and all;”
This line mocks the supposed “heroes” who, despite their training, still flinch at the realities of war. In contrast, the bullocks continue their duty, unaware of—or indifferent to—the perils around them.
“Then we come into action and tug the guns again”
The animals do not hesitate; they perform their duty reliably, ensuring that the artillery remains operational. This emphasizes their critical yet unacknowledged role in combat.
The Machinery of War
The poem reflects Kipling’s deep understanding of military logistics. War is not just about soldiers and weapons but also about the infrastructure—trains, carts, and animals—that make large-scale battles possible.
“Make way there, way for the twenty yoke of the Forty-Pounder train!”
This line commands attention, showing the sheer physical effort required to move artillery. The bullocks are treated as mere instruments of war, but Kipling’s emphasis on their labor suggests an underlying respect for their contribution.
Irony and Satire
Kipling often used irony to critique imperialist and militaristic ideals. In this poem, the irony lies in how the supposed “heroes” of war—human soldiers—are contrasted with the more reliable and fearless bullocks. The animals, though unintelligent and seen as disposable, become the true lifeline of battle.
The irony is further deepened by the command “Make way there”—as if the bullocks, rather than the soldiers, deserve honor and respect. The poem subtly questions the glorification of war while recognizing the labor that makes it possible.
Historical Context
Kipling wrote extensively about the British Empire, particularly its military campaigns in India, Africa, and beyond. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, bullocks were a crucial part of army logistics, used to haul supplies and artillery through rough terrains where modern vehicles could not operate.
By focusing on the bullocks rather than soldiers, Kipling provides a ground-level view of war. This perspective aligns with his broader interest in highlighting the working-class and non-glamorous aspects of military service, as seen in Barrack-Room Ballads and other military-themed poems.
Structure and Style
- Rhythm and Repetition: The poem’s strong, marching rhythm mirrors the steady, relentless movement of the bullocks hauling the heavy artillery.
- Direct and Commanding Tone: Phrases like “Make way there” mimic military orders, reinforcing the poem’s themes of duty and labor.
- Contrasts and Irony: The juxtaposition of fearful soldiers and steadfast animals adds depth to the poem’s critique of war.
Gun-Bullocks is a striking reminder that war is not just fought by men with guns but also by the countless animals and logistical efforts behind the scenes. Kipling challenges the traditional notions of heroism, shifting the focus to the tireless bullocks that endure the hardships of war without recognition. By using irony, vivid imagery, and a commanding tone, the poem subtly critiques the glorification of battle while acknowledging the real forces that drive military success.
In the broader context of Kipling’s work, Gun-Bullocks fits within his fascination with duty, empire, and the machinery of war—offering a perspective that is both practical and poetic.