A Grace
By Robert Burns
Lord, we thank and thee adore,
For temp’ral gifts we little merit;
At present we will ask no more,
Let William Hyslop give the spirit.
Poem Analysis:
Robert Burns, one of Scotland's most celebrated poets, is known for his profound exploration of human nature, social issues, and the natural world. In his poem A Grace, Burns presents a simple yet deeply reflective prayer of gratitude, underscoring the themes of humility, thankfulness, and the recognition of spiritual needs over material wealth. The poem, while brief, carries with it a sense of sincerity and humility, particularly in its invocation of divine grace.
Context and Background
A Grace was written in a traditional form known as a "grace before meals," which was a short prayer or blessing said before partaking in a meal. In the context of 18th-century Scotland, such graces were often used in social gatherings, especially among the rural population. Burns, as a poet and public figure, frequently used his poetry to reflect on the values and ideals of his time, while also offering insights into the human condition.
In this poem, Burns uses the traditional grace format not only as a religious invocation but as a medium for expressing a deeper philosophical reflection on the nature of spiritual and material wealth.
Structure and Tone
The poem follows a simple, rhyming structure. The regularity of the rhyme and meter gives the poem a sense of cadence and ritual, which is appropriate for the subject matter of grace and thanksgiving. The straightforward language, combined with its rhythm, evokes a sense of humility and reverence, which are key to understanding the spiritual undercurrent of the poem.
The tone of A Grace is humble and earnest. Rather than asking for an abundance of worldly goods or material wealth, the speaker gives thanks for the "temporal gifts" they have received and, in the same breath, asks for something more intangible—spiritual grace, as embodied by "William Hyslop," a person who may have been a figure known to Burns, or a symbolic reference to the giving of spiritual sustenance.
"Lord, we thank and thee adore,"
The opening line immediately sets a tone of reverence, invoking the Lord in a prayerful manner. The use of "we" indicates a communal expression of gratitude, suggesting that the speaker is offering thanks not only for themselves but on behalf of a larger group, perhaps a family or community.
"For temp’ral gifts we little merit;"
The phrase "temp’ral gifts" refers to material or earthly blessings, such as food, shelter, health, or fortune. By stating that they "little merit" these gifts, the speaker acknowledges the unworthiness or humility of receiving such blessings. This line highlights the theme of grace: the recognition that material wealth or comfort is not a result of personal deserving, but rather a gift that should be appreciated with gratitude.
"At present we will ask no more,"
This line expresses a sense of contentment and humility. The speaker does not ask for further material wealth or desires; instead, they are satisfied with what they have been given. The notion of asking "no more" reflects the idea that material possessions, while appreciated, are not the ultimate goal. The speaker has transcended the desire for more worldly goods, choosing to be thankful for what is already present.
"Let William Hyslop give the spirit."
The final line introduces the name "William Hyslop," who may have been a person Burns knew or a symbolic figure representing spiritual strength or grace. By invoking this name, the speaker asks that the spirit—likely a reference to a deeper, more spiritual form of grace or divine inspiration—be granted. It suggests that spiritual nourishment is more important than material wealth. This request aligns with the broader theme of the poem, which emphasizes spiritual gratitude over material abundance.
The line also conveys a sense of communal faith, suggesting that the speaker believes in the power of others to contribute to spiritual well-being, whether through their actions or example. The name "William Hyslop" could signify a spiritual leader, a figure of integrity, or someone who embodies qualities that the speaker aspires to attain.
Themes and Interpretation
- Humility and Gratitude: Central to A Grace is the theme of humility. The speaker acknowledges that the "temp’ral gifts" they have received are not a result of their own merit but rather blessings. This humble recognition of the gifts they have been given creates an atmosphere of thankfulness. Instead of focusing on personal desires, the speaker’s gratitude is directed toward the divine, reinforcing the idea that spiritual gifts—such as grace—are more significant than material wealth.
- Spiritual vs. Material Wealth: The contrast between temporal (earthly) gifts and spiritual grace is a key theme in the poem. While the speaker appreciates the material blessings they have received, they express a preference for spiritual sustenance, as indicated by the reference to William Hyslop. The poem suggests that true wealth lies not in material abundance but in the possession of grace, divine favor, or spiritual enlightenment.
- Contentment: The statement "At present we will ask no more" reveals a deep sense of contentment. The speaker does not seek more than what they have been given, signifying a profound peace with their current circumstances. This sense of satisfaction contrasts with the modern tendency to constantly seek more and reflects an acceptance of life's blessings as they are.
- The Role of Spiritual Leaders: By invoking the name of William Hyslop, the speaker may be acknowledging the importance of spiritual figures who guide others toward grace. Whether Hyslop was a personal acquaintance or a symbolic figure, the reference suggests that spiritual nourishment often comes from external sources—leaders, mentors, or role models who embody divine principles.
“A Grace” by Robert Burns may appear simple at first glance, but it is deeply reflective of the poet’s values and philosophical outlook on life. The poem centers on themes of humility, spiritual fulfillment, and contentment, emphasizing the importance of divine grace over material wealth. Through a modest prayer, Burns encourages an appreciation of both the physical and spiritual gifts one receives, suggesting that true abundance lies not in possessions, but in the grace of the divine. The invocation of William Hyslop further underscores the significance of spiritual figures who lead others to a deeper understanding of grace, and the poem ultimately serves as a reminder that, while material blessings are valuable, they are secondary to the richness of spiritual sustenance.