In penal days rode out
To a Shoneen who had free lands
And his own snipe and trout.
In trust took he John’s lands;
Sleiveens were all his race;
And he gave them as dowers to his daughters.
And they married beyond their place.
But Father John went up,
And Father John went down;
And he wore small holes in his Shoes,
And he wore large holes in his gown.
All loved him, only the shoneen,
Whom the devils have by the hair,
From the wives, and the cats, and the children,
To the birds in the white of the air.
The birds, for he opened their cages
As he went up and down;
And he said with a smile, ‘Have peace now’;
And he went his way with a frown.
But if when anyone died
Came keeners hoarser than rooks,
He bade them give over their keening;
For he was a man of books.
And these were the works of John,
When, weeping score by score,
People came into Colooney;
For he’d died at ninety-four.
There was no human keening;
The birds from Knocknarea
And the world round Knocknashee
Came keening in that day.
The young birds and old birds
Came flying, heavy and sad;
Keening in from Tiraragh,
Keening from Ballinafad;
Keening from Inishmurray.
Nor stayed for bite or sup;
This way were all reproved
Who dig old customs up.
Poem Analysis:
William Butler Yeats' poem "The Ballad of Father O'Hart" pays tribute to the character and deeds of Father John O'Hart, a priest from penal days. The poem reflects on Father O'Hart's selflessness, humility, and his impact on the community he served. Through vivid imagery and the ballad form, Yeats commemorates the priest's life and legacy.
Themes:
- Humility and Selflessness: The central theme of the poem is Father O'Hart's humility and selflessness. He is depicted as a priest who prioritizes the well-being of his community above personal gain or comfort.
- Community and Tradition: The poem highlights the strong sense of community in Colooney, where Father O'Hart served. It also touches on the importance of preserving traditional customs and practices, as seen in the keening rituals.
- Legacy: Father O'Hart's legacy lives on through the impact he had on his community. His actions, particularly his efforts to preserve customs and bring solace during times of mourning, are remembered and cherished.
Structure and Language:
- Ballad Form: The poem is structured as a ballad, with a rhythmic and musical quality that enhances the storytelling. The ballad form is well-suited to conveying the narrative of Father O'Hart's life.
- Imagery: Yeats uses vivid imagery to describe the impact of Father O'Hart's actions. The image of the priest wearing out his shoes and gown suggests his tireless dedication to his community.
- Symbolism: The birds in the poem serve as a symbol of the community's response to Father O'Hart's passing. Their keening reflects the deep sorrow and respect felt by all, including the natural world.
Analysis:
- Father O'Hart's Character: The poem portrays Father O'Hart as a modest and compassionate priest who dedicates his life to serving the people of Colooney. His actions, such as giving away his lands and tending to the needs of his community, reflect his selflessness.
- Keening Ritual: The poem describes the traditional keening ritual, where mourners express their grief aloud. Father O'Hart respects this custom, illustrating his reverence for local traditions and his ability to connect with the people.
- Legacy and Commemoration: The birds' keening upon Father O'Hart's death symbolizes the enduring impact of his life and work. The fact that both young and old birds join in the lament suggests that his legacy transcends generations.
"The Ballad of Father O'Hart" by W.B. Yeats is a poignant tribute to a humble and benevolent priest who left a lasting impression on his community. Through the ballad form and vivid imagery, Yeats conveys the priest's selflessness, dedication, and the enduring legacy he left behind. The poem also underscores the importance of preserving traditions and the profound impact one individual can have on a community. Father O'Hart's life is celebrated as a testament to the power of kindness and compassion.